ANA-ENA Profile

A successful pregnancy requires the maternal immune systemestablish tolerance toward the developing embryo. ANA (Antinuclear Antibodies) or ENA (Extractable Nuclear Antigens) are markers of systemic autoimmune diseases. In selected patients, their presence may indicate immune-mediated conditions associated with implantation failure, recurrent pregnancy loss or pregnancy complications.

Autoimmune Markers and Reproductive Failure

These antibodies are often associated with systemic autoimmune conditions (such as lupus or Sjögren's syndrome), which can negatively impact reproduction even in subclinical forms:

• Implantation Failure: An immune response against the trophoblast (the future placenta) prevents the embryo from successfully attaching to the uterine wall.
• Vascular Complications: Autoimmune reactions can cause inflammation in the small vessels of the uterus, restricting the nutrient supply to the fetus.
• Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL): Elevated levels of these antibodies are a statistically significant factor in patients experiencing repeated miscarriages.

At Gynatal, we apply a targeted testing strategy to minimize costs and patient stress during the Information Foraging phase:

• Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF): Failure after two or more transfers of high-quality blastocysts (often verified via ni-PGT-A).
• Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL): Two or more consecutive spontaneous pregnancy interruptions.
• Unexplained Infertility: Cases where standard fertility tests (AMH, spermogram, HyCoSy) do not reveal a clear pathology.
• Clinical symptoms of autoimmune disease: joint pant, persistent fatigue, Raynaud’s phenomenon, dry eyes or mouth, unexplained skin rashes
• History of autoimmune disorders: personal or family history of lupus, Sjogren’s syndrome, autoimmune thyroid disease, rheumatoid arthritis or other connective tissue diseases.
• Previous pregnancy complications: severe preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction or unexplained stillbirth